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Escalating in the last quarter of the XIX century. industrial capitalism into monopoly had a great impact on Britain's position in the world and develop its political system. During this period, Great Britain, which used was the "workshop of the world" has lost the world championship in the industry. At the end of XIX – beginning of XX century, the basis of British capitalism was not the industrial and commercial, and colonial monopoly. At a time when monopoly capital gradually began to play a crucial role in the economy has undergone significant change and the party system. Conservative Party began to turn into a party of big industrial and financial owners. The Liberal Party, composed mainly of middle-class, gradually deprived of the social base of political positions and lost, thus accelerating the formation in 1906 of a new party – the Labour Party.

Labor party originated as a result of the rising working class movement and the emergence in England of socialist groups and organizations. In 70 – 80 years was approved by a series of laws, including the introduction of the secret ballot (1872), punishment for bribery Voters (1886). Of particular importance were the laws of 1884 and 1885. Who came third in the XIX century. electoral reform. The reform of 1884 increased the electorate from 3 to 5.5 million people. In urban property qualification was abolished, and in County to participate in the elections become smaller tenants (and on the same terms that apply to the city's voters on the reform of 1867) 3, as well as all taxpayers who have lived in the district for six months.

The objective age to promote a naval blockade against England. As ' ' wolves in return of its presa' ' , thus they had been known the U-boats, that had rightened the British first-minister. England had a damage of 3,5 a thousand tons. But nor of glory the submarines only lived, therefore frequently they were destroyed by the reached enemies when being with depth bombs, or even though they disappeared without leaving tracks. They not only attacked ships, as well as ports, hydroelectric plants and any type of suspicious target. Now the U-boats did not act alone as in the First War, but now in set to have greater victory possibility. Exactly far ones of the others the radio was an indispensable instrument for the communication with excessively. This battle did not only happen in air, but also in the sea, where to the English they had had many losses since the beginning of the war, when the submarines German invested in attack to its ships bringing terror even though the first civil population to be attacked when the merchant ship Athenia was torpedeado and sank, this event was what Germany lacked Great-Britain to declare war to it.

Acuada for the U-boats, British Real navy was seen obliged to create a school in Liverpool for members of the crew of escort boats. The idealizer of this training was admiral Max Horton. It was pioneering, when suggesting that the ships if organized in convoys, surrounded for ships sentries to prevent afundamentos. Beyond submarines the Germans had used privateer ships with powerful weapons of war on board to make it difficult the maritime commerce of the enemy, as well as the transport of warlike material for the countries Allies. After the conquest of France in 1940, the French Atlantic coast served of base submarine to supply without needing to skirt the North Atlantic, thus diminishing distances that had later made the difference.

In 1718 in the convent of Saint Antonio in Cairu, is implanted a classroom of grammar for the children of the secular ones, without payments some, (Oliveira, 1999, P. 20)? In the year of 1760, only place (Of the Captainship of They are Jorge of the Ilhus) where has some type of instruction was Cairu. In this date the Reformation Pombalina occurs the expulsion of the Jesuits due. The Jesuit priests Capuchinhos received 30$000 kings as alms for the instruction whom they offered (Oliveira, 1985, P. 20)? Between 1779-1783 the room You mark of Valena, you open roads of the coast to the hinterland (sand town, current Ubaira) favoring the development in the region of Una (Oliveira, 1985 P. 20, 21)? With the rise of the Town of Una, later town of the Support, in Village of New Valena of the Santssimo Heart of Jesus, in January of 1799, It is created Clientele of the Santssimo Heart of Jesus in 1801.

(Oliveira 1985. P. 22 paragraph 1)? In 1811, the Region of the Village of New Valena lights to such point, that then the Governor of the Province (Conde of the Arcs) decides to transfer of Cairu the school of first letters, continuing in the village of Cairu the school of grammars, given for the franciscanos that met there (Oliveira, 1985, P. 22 paragraph 2) the date of 1811 is the first reference of implantation of a school in the Land of Valena. In 1849 the president of the Province Francisco Gonalves Martins mentioning itself it man power used for Fabrica All the Saints Quotation ‘ ‘ most people of the sex feminino’ ‘ … ‘ ‘ I read learned to read, to write to dansar and musica’ ‘ (Oliveira, 1985, P. 49)? Carson hunter engineer who defended the ideas reformist of the system of Work implanted in England and United States, creates a work system that propitiates to the laborers of the All the Saints, conditions of life and professional performance.

This layer was not observed in all the hollowing area, but only in the grids the NE. This layer will have to correspond to the level of the fire that after deflagrou the sismo occurred in 1 of November of 1755. This layer presented estate ceramic, common and vidrado, as well as faiana, you fit in the oitocentista period. In this layer they had been, also, collected innumerable fragmentos of cachimbos of caulino, mattered (Holland and England). It was, also, identified part of a composed floor for basalt pebbles (black)? Q 3 and 4 -, datvel of ends of century XVI, but that he met already insane, fruit of previous remeximentos of this area, as it they are the opening of small low shoes for rank of the metallic structure that supports the walls of the building (as if it can verify for figure 5 where, in it I sing left superior if lage of cement can observe one, that supports the foot of one of the related metallic beams). It will be treated, probably, of chunk of by daily pay-pombalina? FLOOR 1.

This stretch of basalt pebble floor meets on an argillaceous layer, of chestnut-colored coloration, with much iron slag concentration. This layer was, also, observed in other contexts excavated in the Decrease of Lisbon, having been attributed to the period of abandonment of the area for the ferrarias, between middle and ends of century XVI. This argillaceous layer of chestnut-colored coloration (LAYER 3), has covered, in definitive zones of our area of hollowing, a composed floor for floor in tijoleira, red, with about 19×23 cm. This floor was not observed in all the hollowing area; but yes only in the Q 1 B/C and 4 D, as well as in the area of the hall (sector 2). It will have to date of ends of the century Xv-beginnings of century XVI?

These factors explicitavam the economic of agriculture in relation to other European regions or exactly North American atony. In the international field, the dependence in relation to England if made gift. With the coming of the real family for Brazil and the opening of the ports, in 1808, the English had known to usufruct of its power on Portugal to accent the economic dependence of the main Portuguese colony. The Decree of 22/06/1808 started to establish that the concession of would sesmaria had to occur through express order of the King. The decree of 25/11/1808 extended the possible participation of resident foreigners in Brazil, the access the lands.

These two decrees, of certain form, aimed at the real control on lands. These, under the logic of the private property, but with the consequence distanciamento of the Portuguese government in its concessions, searched, therefore, guarantees of who, in fact, it could possess them. It was anticipated, therefore, the logic of appropriation of the Law of 1850. The decree of 25/11/1808, estabelecia' ' that being convenient to my real service and public good, to increase the farming and the population, that if finds miniature very in this State; for other reasons that me had been gifts: I have for good that to the resident foreigners in Brazil if can grant dates of lands for sesmarias for the same form, with that according to my real orders if grant to my vassals, without embargo of any laws or disposals in the opposite (25/11/1808 Decree of Apud BRAZIL, 2007: Volume II: 23) ' '. Being constantly pressured for England and, already foreseeing the possible end of the Brazilian slavery, but that the imperial government delays for the biggest possible time, the Brazilian desenvolvimentista logic it went, to the few, being dislocated of the slave as main economic activity, for the land. The capitalists large estate owners, generated, for times, on this side of the legislation that limited in 3 lguas if configured the economic group that gave sustentation to the government.

However, the fall of the biggest democracy if not only gave for the fast onslaughts of the enemy, but also to the lack of preparation of the allies, who used of tactics of the First War and had a lesser number of airplanes. General Charles de Gaulle exiled itself in England and formed the FFL (Free French Foras) so that its friends could resist. With about 500 a thousand men, through messages he saw radio, had started to study the enemy stops later informing to the allies on its probable strategies of attack. 1.4 The UNEXPECTED BRITISH VICTORY After the fast and easy victory against the Frenchmen, Hitler was turned against Great-Britain. Real Air Force) and the Luftwaffe. Although the Germans will be in advantage how much to the number of airplanes, they were not prepared with strategical bombers, armament weighed, adjusted shield, beyond the disadvantage how much to the supplying, since they fought in English airs, with this intended to destroy aviation to facilitate the invasion for land. The commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Gring, did not obtain to destroy the forces of the RAF, the highest technology of war of the time if he made gift in this battle. The British already counted on an advanced system of radars allowed that them to know with precision where they were the German aircraft and thus had had advantages on the enemy.

Exactly thus, in September of> 1940, London was bombed many of its old constructions, as historical churches and monuments, had been destroyed, as well as the plants of aircraft. However, the RAF resisted bravely. The London firemen fought against the flames of the city and the civilians crowded the stations of subway in an attempt of if to protect, the suburbs of the city drastically had been attacked and many civilians had lost its lives. In little more than three months of battle, Great-Britain lost about 900 airplanes and Germany, 1.700.

Approaching World War II in itself, we can point out dosi great moments: of 1939 the 1941/42 and 1942 the 1945. The first period is marked by the advance of the Axle (Germany, Italy and Japan), which had much when previous preparomilitar. The year of 1941 is decisive, therefore of this moment in ahead the conflict it becomes definitively world-wide. The German invasion in the Ussr and the Japanese attack in Pearl Harbor had placed the Soviets and the North Americans in the war, with enormous consequncias for the outcome of the battles. With the entrance of these two countries, the beginning was given of as period, when the Allies (England, U.S.A., the Ussr 4) had started to defeat the Axle with successive victories.

The importance that U.S.A. and the Ussr had gotten during the Second War had concurred for the beginning of one another conflict, marked for the absence of military onslaughts and the confrontation between two ideologies: the capitalist and the socialist one. The world conhee the Cold War. But this already is another history! Bibliography CROUZET, Maurice. General history of the Civilizations: The Time Contemporary.

DUROSELLE, J.B. the Europe of 1815 to our days. s currently assessing future choices. So Paulo: Pioneering Ed., 1985. GONALVES, Williams Da Silva. World War II. In Century XX. HOBSBAWM, Eric. It was of the Extremities: brief century XX: 1914-1991. So Paulo: Company of the Letters, 1995. 1 Without counting the ones that had died of hunger and illnesses in the ghettos. 2 the linking between totalitarianism and the growth of the socialism it is defended by HOBSBAWM, Eric J. the age of the extremities: brief century XX (1914-1991). So Paulo: Company of the Letters, 1995, P. 127. 3 E, 1931 Japan invaded the Manchria; in 1935 Italy invaded the Etipia; in 1938 Germany invaded Austria. 4 the 3 main countries. The Ussr had made a pact of not aggression with Germany before the war initiating. The objective of the pact, on the part of the Soviets, was to prevent an alliance anti-communist. Already Hitler, desired to prevent to commit the same errors of the First War, when Germany fought in two fronts. After unchained the war, the Ussr remained neutral until the Germans had invaded its territory.

Historical knowledge; result of the work to interdisciplinar. History while science has as main objective the historical understanding of the different processes and citizens, of the relations that if establish between the human groups in the different times and spaces, however for I reached? lo needs the contribution of other sciences, as the Anthropology, Archaeology and Geography, for example. Etimologicamente, Anthropology is the study of the species human being origin, evolution, customs, institutions, way of life etc. Therefore, it supplies important information to the historian, who together with the anthropologist, questions, raises hypotheses, analyzes, to evidence if they are true or not. It is understood for Archaeology, the science that studies the civilizations daily pay – historical, using? if of monuments, documents and objects for them left Such vestiges, also they interest History or the historian, therefore it the same allows to understand as, where e.quando these peoples they had lived. Geography, in turn, is worried about the physical aspects of the surface of the alone Land, vegetation, climate, relief etc.; it studies the relations between the natural way and the human groups, common concern to the work it historian, when this search to explain the different contexts, leaving of the contemporaneidade dimension.

From the concepts above, it is visible the interdependence between History and sciences in quarrel, proving that the historian does not make an isolated work, individual, but cooperative, in group. It becomes? if necessary to point out, that the Art also supplies great contribution not only the historian, but for the anthropologist, the archaeologist, the gegrafo etc. therefore it is the source of older language, was through it that the man daily pay? description registered in caves, animals, objects and physical aspects of its time. In this direction, the historian is not only narrative of facts or reproduces the information and registers of the past, pautando – in an effort other people’s, but an untiring detective, researcher that in joint work, it investigates, it discovers and by means of vestiges, previously proves its raised hypotheses. Over all, we know that the man is a historical citizen and politician, therefore is resulted of its action, in accordance with constructs to its values what it is offered to it by the way, from there the importance of if propagating the collective, not it individualism.

In short, History and an understanding process human being of the different and multiple existing possibilities in the society, and as well as the men does not survive alone, is always keeping constant relations with other sciences is they human beings, social or accurate, as well as the comparison between the contexts present and passed.

In century XVII, in the Regal Letter of 27 of December of 1695 it emphasizes the necessity, of the representatives of Portugal in verifying the fulfilment of the legal device that determined the culture of lands. It is important to point out that the English Industrial Revolution blunts in the world-wide scene; the process of settling of the North America and the Spanish settling also contribuam with competition, in Brazil, of tropical products. Holland, France and England as economic powers, started to demand part of what they considered detentoras of rights (STOLEN, 2004). It fit to the Portuguese government to take measured to calm such situations. It was worried, therefore, with the process of povoamento and the magnifying of the culture, in view of that only apparatuses of wars were insufficient. Such measures were explicitadas, through the directed legislation to cure the problems. Thus, the restriction of amounts of lands, had for goal, to establish criteria that it favored greater equity in the distribution, the following terms: ' ' Dom Joo of Alencastro, friend.

I El-King you sending very to greet. For being informed that in the dates of lands of sesmarias of this State if it has used thus most of these dates is null for some beddings thus for the largueza with that if they grant, as for the use that gives to lands the same sesmeiros without in the distribution has had that equality that agrees my service, also common to the inhabitants of this State of that it proceeds not to cultivate lands mostly and to find if many inhabitants without dates some if not observing what on they have commanded so that if does not give each inhabitant more that four lguas of lands (REGAL LETTER, IN 27/12/1695 Apud Brazil, 2007: Volume III: 59). ' ' The determination of Portugal in emphasizing the production necessity, also was centered in the povoamento.